在高中英语学习中,名词性从句是一个重要的语法知识点。它不仅在阅读理解、完形填空中频繁出现,而且在写作和翻译中也起着关键作用。掌握名词性从句的结构和用法,有助于提高学生的语言综合运用能力。
一、什么是名词性从句?
名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词成分的从句,它可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。这类从句通常由连接词(如 that, whether, if, who, what, when, where, why, how 等)引导。
二、名词性从句的分类
根据在句中的作用不同,名词性从句可以分为以下四类:
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句中作主语,常由 that 引导,也可以由 whether, what, who, when, where, why, how 等引导。
- That he passed the exam surprised everyone.
(他通过了考试,这让大家都很惊讶。)
- Whether we go or not depends on the weather.
(我们是否去取决于天气。)
2. 宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作动词或介词的宾语,通常由 that, whether, if, what, who, when, where, why, how 等引导。
- She said that she would come tomorrow.
(她说她明天会来。)
- I wonder what he is doing now.
(我想知道他现在在做什么。)
3. 表语从句
表语从句在句中作系动词的表语,常由 that, whether, what, why, how 等引导。
- The question is whether we can finish the work on time.
(问题是我们能否按时完成工作。)
- The reason is that he was too tired.
(原因是他太累了。)
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句对前面的名词进行解释说明,通常由 that 引导。
- The fact that he failed the test made us sad.
(他考试不及格的事实让我们感到难过。)
- The idea that we should travel to Beijing next week is interesting.
(我们下周去北京旅行的想法很有趣。)
三、名词性从句的引导词选择
| 引导词 | 用法说明 |
|--------|----------|
| that | 不作成分,仅起连接作用,常省略 |
| whether / if | 引导宾语从句时,表示“是否”,但 if 不能引导主语从句和同位语从句 |
| who / whom / whose | 指人 |
| what / which | 指物或事 |
| when / where / why / how | 指时间、地点、原因和方式 |
四、注意事项
1. 时态一致:主句为一般现在时,从句可根据需要使用相应时态;主句为过去时,从句应使用相应的过去时态。
- He said he had finished his homework.
(他说他已经完成了作业。)
2. 语序问题:名词性从句中,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句都使用陈述语序。
- I don’t know where he lives.
(我不知道他住在哪里。)
3. that 的省略:在宾语从句中,that 可以省略,但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中 that 不能省略。
五、专项练习
一、选择题
1. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
2. The problem is ______ we should go there.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
3. She told me ______ she had seen the movie.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
4. The fact ______ he didn't pass the exam surprised us all.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
5. Do you know ______ he is?
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. who
二、改错题
1. I think that he is right.
(√)
2. Whether he comes is not important.
(√)
3. I don't know if he will come.
(√)
4. The question is that he is late.
(×)→ 应改为:The question is why he is late.
5. The news that he won the prize excited everyone.
(√)
六、总结
名词性从句是英语语法中较为复杂的部分,但只要掌握其基本结构、引导词的用法以及常见的语法规则,就能在实际应用中灵活运用。建议同学们多做相关练习题,逐步提高对这类语法点的理解和运用能力。
通过系统的学习与反复的练习,相信每位同学都能在名词性从句这一知识点上取得显著进步。