【初中定语从句讲解课件】在英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点,尤其在初中阶段的英语教学中占据着举足轻重的地位。掌握好定语从句不仅有助于提高学生的阅读理解能力,还能增强他们表达的准确性与丰富性。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句,用来修饰先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,如:who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why 等。
例如:
- The book that is on the table is mine.
(那本放在桌子上的书是我的。)
其中,“that is on the table”是修饰“the book”的定语从句。
二、定语从句的结构
一个完整的定语从句一般包括以下几个部分:
1. 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词。
2. 关系词:引导定语从句的词,如 who, which, that 等。
3. 从句:由关系词引导的完整句子,用来描述先行词的特征或信息。
例如:
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
(那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。)
先行词是“the girl”,关系词是“who”,从句是“is wearing a red dress”。
三、常用的关系词及用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 例子 |
|--------|----------|------|
| who| 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The man who is talking to her is my teacher. |
| whom | 指人,在从句中作宾语 | The student whom you met yesterday is very smart. |
| whose| 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The boy whose bag was stolen is crying. |
| which| 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The book that I borrowed is interesting. |
| when | 表时间,指时间点 | I remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 表地点,指地点 | This is the house where I grew up. |
| why| 表原因,指原因 | That’s the reason why he left. |
> 注意:that 可以代替 who/whom/which,但在正式场合中,which 和 who 更加常见。
四、定语从句的使用规则
1. 关系词不能省略:如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,不能省略。
- 错误:The man is my father.
- 正确:The man who is my father.
2. 当先行词是物时,可用 that 或 which,但 that 更为通用。
- The car that/which is blue is expensive.
3. 当先行词是人时,可用 who 或 that,但 who 更为正式。
- The girl who/that is in the class is my friend.
4. 当关系词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
- The man (that) I saw yesterday is my uncle.
五、常见错误分析
- 错误:The woman who I met yesterday is a doctor.
正确:The woman whom I met yesterday is a doctor.
(注意:当关系词在从句中作宾语时,若指人,可用 whom,也可省略。)
- 错误:This is the book which I want to buy it.
正确:This is the book which I want to buy.
(注意:从句中不能再重复 “it”)
六、练习题(巩固知识)
1. The man _______ is standing there is my uncle.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. what
2. The city _______ we visited last summer is very beautiful.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
3. The girl _______ won the prize is my classmate.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. when
4. I don’t know the reason _______ he left.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. why
通过系统地学习和练习定语从句,学生能够更好地理解和运用这一语法结构,从而提升整体英语水平。希望这份讲解内容能帮助大家更清晰地掌握初中阶段的定语从句知识。